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Proven risk factors for MI are tobacco use, diabetes mellitus, abnormally high cholesterol levels, high blood pressure, gender, advanced age, obesity, physical inactivity, chronic kidney disease, a family history of MI at an early age, and loss of albumin in the urine. See: illustration advanced cardiac life support atherosclerosis cardiac arrest sudden death Etiology The probability of dying from MI is related to the patient's underlying health, whether arrhythmias such as ventricular fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia occur, and how rapidly the patient seeks medical attention and receives appropriate therapies (such as thrombolytic drugs, angioplasty, antiplatelet drugs, beta blockers, and intensive electrocardiographic monitoring). Synonym: cardiac infarctionĪcute MI affects 1.1 million people each year, and approx. If blood flow is not restored within a few hours, the heart muscle dies. Perfusion of the muscular tissue that lies downstream from the blocked artery is lost. MI or its related syndromes (acute coronary syndrome or unstable angina) usually occurs when an atheromatous plaque in a coronary artery ruptures, and the resulting clot obstructs the injured blood vessel. The loss of living heart muscle as a result of coronary artery occlusion.